forensicsci-06-00064-v2.pdf

Status: Completed
22
Pages
46
Total Citations
0
Verified
0
Hallucinations / Not Found
0
Duplicates
Notes
Maboa, M. From Locard to Court: The Scientific Foundations and Legal Admissibility of Firearm Evidence in Court. Forensic Sci. 2026, 6, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6030064 https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/6/3/64
Citation Details
Filter:
Status Citation (Found) Matched Data / Notes Actions
Hallucination
Edited
The influence of manufacturing processes on the identification of bullets and cartridge cases
Bonfanti, M.; De Kinder, J. (1999)
Forensic Sci. Int.
Raw: 12. Bonfanti, M.; De Kinder, J. The influence of manufacturing processes on the identification of bullets and cartridge cases. Forensic Sci. Int. 1999, 101, 85-95.
Match: The influence of manufacturing processes on the identification of bullets and cartridge cases – a review of the literature
Authors: Bonfanti, M. S.; De Kinder, J.
Venue: Science & Justice
DOI: 10.1016/s1355-0306(99)72008-3

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(99)72008-3
The citation combines a real title and author list with entirely fabricated publication coordinates (Forensic Science International, vol. 101, pp. 85-95), constituting a metadata chimera/hallucinated shell.
Hallucination
Edited
How modern crime scene investigators use forensic science to reconstruct the truth
Budowle, H. (2025)
J. Forensic Med.
Raw: 13. Budowle, H. How modern crime scene investigators use forensic science to reconstruct the truth. J. Forensic Med. 2025, 10, 406.
Match:
Authors:
Venue:
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation is a metadata chimera: it combines a reputable author name and journal abbreviation with a generic/AI-generated title found on predatory publishing platforms. The specific volume/page coordinates do not exist for the cited author in the reputable journal.
Hallucination
Edited
Individual characteristics in toolmarks: A review
De Kinder, J.; Bonfanti, M. (1999)
Forensic Sci. Rev.
Raw: 17. De Kinder, J.; Bonfanti, M. Individual characteristics in toolmarks: A review. Forensic Sci. Rev. 1999, 11, 85-95. [CrossRef]
Match: The influence of manufacturing processes on the identification of bullets and cartridge cases – a review of the literature
Authors: M. S. Bonfanti; J. de Kinder
Venue: Science & Justice
DOI:

ISBN:

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030699720083?utm_source=openai
Primary record identified on ScienceDirect and PubMed; cited title and journal/coordinates do not match the real record.
Hallucination
Edited
Advances in 3D Topographical Imaging for Firearm and Toolmark Identification
Blessy, S.; Kumar, A. (2025)
J. Forensic Metrol.
Raw: 21. Blessy, S.; Kumar, A. Advances in 3D Topographical Imaging for Firearm and Toolmark Identification. J. Forensic Metrol. 2025, 14, 112-129.
Match:
Authors:
Venue:
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
Extensive searches for the title, authors, and journal abbreviation revealed no such record in academic databases. The journal name is not recognized in the field.
Hallucination
Edited
Do ballistic experts get it right?
Harper, J. (2023)
Sci. Am.
Raw: 22. Harper, J. Do ballistic experts get it right? Sci. Am. 2023, 329, 22-27.
Match:
Authors:
Venue:
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation provides plausible-sounding bibliographic coordinates combined with a fabricated title and author, a common pattern for AI-generated hallucinations.
Hallucination
Edited
Physical Evidence in Criminal Investigation
Marais, C.W. (1992)
Henmar
Raw: 38. Marais, C.W. Physical Evidence in Criminal Investigation; Henmar: Pretoria, South Africa, 1992.
Match: Crime investigation
Authors: C.W. Marais; H.J.N. Van Rooyen
Venue: Promedia Publishers
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
Extensive searches for the cited title and author yielded no results. A different work by the same author ('Crime investigation') was found, but the title, publisher, and year differ significantly from the citation.
Hallucination
Edited
Exploring the Role of Forensic Science in Modern Law Enforcement: Challenges and Opportunities
Singh, A.K.; Rai, O.P. (2024)
Int. J. Crim. Common Statut. Law
Raw: 44. Singh, A.K.; Rai, O.P. Exploring the Role of Forensic Science in Modern Law Enforcement: Challenges and Opportunities. Int. J. Crim. Common Statut. Law 2024, 4, 122-126. [CrossRef]
Match:
Authors:
Venue:
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
A comprehensive search did not identify any reputable academic journal by the name 'Int. J. Crim. Common Statut. Law,' nor any publication of the specified article, indicating this citation is a fabrication.
Minor Error
Edited
Homicide Victimization in the United States, 2023
Remrey, L. (2025)
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
Raw: 1. Remrey, L. Homicide Victimization in the United States, 2023; U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: Washington, DC, USA, 2025. Available online: https://bjs.ojp.gov
Match: Homicide Victimization in the United States, 2023
Authors:
Venue: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
DOI:

ISBN:

URL: https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/homicide-victimization-united-states-2023
The cited report exists and was published by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2025. However, "Remrey, L." is not the author of this institutional report.
Minor Error
Edited
Traité de Criminalistique
Locard, E. (1931)
Maloine
Raw: 11. Locard, E. Traité de Criminalistique; Maloine: Paris, France, 1931-1936; Volumes 1-6.
Match: Traité de criminalistique
Authors: Edmond Locard
Venue: J. Desvigne et ses fils (publisher)
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation correctly identifies the author and work but incorrectly attributes the publisher as Maloine; the primary publisher for this work was Joannès Desvigne et ses fils. The volume count (6 volumes) and date range (1931–1936) are acceptable variations in bibliographic descriptions of this multi-volume set.
Minor Error
Edited
Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation
Fisher, B.A.J.; Fisher, D.R. (2012)
CRC Press
ISBN: 978-1-439-81005-7
Raw: 16. Fisher, B.A.J.; Fisher, D.R. Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, 8th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2012.
Match: Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation
Authors: Fisher, Barry A. J.
Venue: CRC Press
DOI:

ISBN: 978-1-439-81005-7

URL:
The citation incorrectly includes 'Fisher, D.R.' as a co-author; the official 8th edition is authored by Barry A. J. Fisher.
Minor Error
Edited
Revolutionizing Forensic Toolmark Analysis: An Objective and Transparent Comparison Algorithm
Cuellar, M.; Gao, S.; Hofmann, H. (2023)
arXiv
Raw: 18. Cuellar, M.; Gao, S.; Hofmann, H. Revolutionizing Forensic Toolmark Analysis: An Objective and Transparent Comparison Algorithm. arXiv 2023, arXiv:2312.00032. Available online: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.00032v1
Match: An algorithm for forensic toolmark comparisons
Authors: Maria Cuellar; Sheng Gao; Heike Hofmann
Venue: arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2312.00032

ISBN:

URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00032
Same arXiv/preprint work at arxiv_static (authors match), but the cited title differs from the current official title (similarity 0.45) — typically a version retitle; minor_error, not a different paper.
Minor Error
Edited
Expert Testimony: Distinguishing Admissibility from Weight Under Federal Rule 702
Steenwyk, E.L. (2025)
ForensisGroup.
Raw: 24. Steenwyk, E.L. Expert Testimony: Distinguishing Admissibility from Weight Under Federal Rule 702. ForensisGroup. 2025. Available online: https://www.forensisgroup.com/resources/expert-legal-witness-blog/going-to-credibility-and-weight-not-to-admissibility
Match: Admissibility vs. Weight in Expert Testimony: Federal Rule 702
Authors:
Venue: ForensisGroup
DOI:

ISBN:

URL: https://www.forensisgroup.com/resources/expert-legal-witness-blog/going-to-credibility-and-weight-not-to-admissibility
The citation points to a real and accessible web resource (blog post) at the provided URL, but the cited title is slightly reworded from the original page title, and the cited author attribution is likely incorrect/invented for what is an institutional resource. The citation correctly identifies the publisher and the year is plausible (post dates to 2021 but remains active).
Minor Error
Edited
Forensics: A Guide for Writers
Lyle, D.P.M.D. (2008)
Writer’s Digest
Raw: 26. Lyle, D.P.M.D. Forensics: A Guide for Writers; Writer’s Digest: New Brunswick, NJ, USA, 2008.
Match: Forensics: A Guide for Writers
Authors: D. P. Lyle
Venue: Writer’s Digest Books
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation identifies the correct book, but the author name is incorrectly formatted as "D.P.M.D. Lyle" due to a structural error parsing the author's name and medical degree suffix (D. P. Lyle, M.D.).
Minor Error
Edited
Investigation: The A-Z Guide for Forensic, Private, and Corporate Investigators
Van Rooyen, H.J.N. (2004)
Henmar
Raw: 27. Van Rooyen, H.J.N. Investigation: The A-Z Guide for Forensic, Private, and Corporate Investigators; Henmar: Pretoria, South Africa, 2004.
Match: Investigation: The A-Z Guide for Forensic, Private, and Corporate Investigators
Authors: H.J.N. Van Rooyen
Venue: Crime Solve
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The work is verified as existing, but the publisher is incorrect (cited 'Henmar' instead of the correct 'Crime Solve').
Minor Error
Edited
Standard for Scene Documentation Procedures (Version 2.0)
OSAC (Organization of Scientific Area Committees) (2024)
NIST
Raw: 29. OSAC (Organization of Scientific Area Committees). Standard for Scene Documentation Procedures (Version 2.0); NIST: Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 2024. Available online: https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2024/01/02/OSAC%202023-N-0002%20Standard%20for%20Scene%20Documentation%20Procedures%20Version%202.0.pdf
Match: OSAC 2023-N-0002: Standard for Scene Documentation Procedures (Version 2.0)
Authors: Crime Scene Investigation & Reconstruction Subcommittee
Venue: NIST / OSAC
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The document is an official OSAC standard; title and authorship are consistent with the NIST repository record. Cited URL is unreachable (https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2024/01/02/OSAC%202023-N-0002%20Standard%20for%20Scene%20Documentation%20Procedures%20Version%202.0.pdf); the work may still be identifiable from other metadata — minor_error.
Verified
Edited
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward
National Academy of Sciences (2009)
National Academies Press
Raw: 2. National Academy of Sciences. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward; National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2009.
Match: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward
Authors: National Academy of Sciences
Venue: National Academies Press
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The work is a well-known report and the citation details are accurate.
Verified
Edited
Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer-based comparisons
Mattijssen, E.J.A.T.; Witteman, C.L.M.; Berger, C.E.H.; Zheng, X.A.; Soons, J.A.; Stoel, R.D. (2020)
J. Forensic Sci.
Raw: 3. Mattijssen, E.J.A.T.; Witteman, C.L.M.; Berger, C.E.H.; Zheng, X.A.; Soons, J.A.; Stoel, R.D. Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer-based comparisons. J. Forensic Sci. 2020, 66, 96-111. [CrossRef]
Match: Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer-based comparisons
Authors: Erwin J. A. T. Mattijssen; Cilia L. M. Witteman; Charles E. H. Berger; Xiaoyu A. Zheng; Johannes A. Soons; Reinoud D. Stoel
Venue: Journal of Forensic Sciences
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14557

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14557
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Repeatability and reproducibility of comparison decisions by firearms examiners
Monson, K.L.; Smith, E.D.; Peters, E.M. (2023)
J. Forensic Sci.
Raw: 4. Monson, K.L.; Smith, E.D.; Peters, E.M. Repeatability and reproducibility of comparison decisions by firearms examiners. J. Forensic Sci. 2023, 68, 1721-1740. [CrossRef]
Match: Repeatability and reproducibility of comparison decisions by firearms examiners
Authors: Keith L. Monson; Erich D. Smith; Eugene M. Peters
Venue: Journal of Forensic Sciences
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15318

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15318
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Bullet Comparison Decisions by Forensic Examiners
Hicklin, R.A.; Parks, C.L.; Dunagan, K.M.; Emerick, B.L.; Richetelli, N.; Chapman, W.J.; Taylor, M.; Thompson, R.M. (2024)
Forensic Sci. Int.
Raw: 5. Hicklin, R.A.; Parks, C.L.; Dunagan, K.M.; Emerick, B.L.; Richetelli, N.; Chapman, W.J.; Taylor, M.; Thompson, R.M. Accuracy and Reproducibility of Bullet Comparison Decisions by Forensic Examiners. Forensic Sci. Int. 2024, 365, 112287. [CrossRef]
Match: Accuracy and reproducibility of bullet comparison decisions by forensic examiners
Authors: R. Austin Hicklin; Connie L. Parks; Kensley M. Dunagan; Brandi L. Emerick; Nicole Richetelli; William J. Chapman; Melissa Taylor; Robert M. Thompson
Venue: Forensic Science International
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112287

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112287
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Identification, individualization and uniqueness: What’s the difference?
Kaye, D.H. (2009)
Law Probab. Risk
Raw: 6. Kaye, D.H. Identification, individualization and uniqueness: What’s the difference? Law Probab. Risk 2009, 8, 85-94. [CrossRef]
Match: Identification, individualization and uniqueness: What's the difference?
Authors: D. H. Kaye
Venue: Law, Probability and Risk
DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgp018

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/lpr/mgp018
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Toward Locard’s exchange principle: Recent developments in forensic trace evidence analysis
Mistek, E.; Fikiet, M.A.; Khandasammy, S.R.; Lednev, I.K. (2019)
Anal. Chem.
Raw: 7. Mistek, E.; Fikiet, M.A.; Khandasammy, S.R.; Lednev, I.K. Toward Locard’s exchange principle: Recent developments in forensic trace evidence analysis. Anal. Chem. 2019, 91, 637-654. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Match: Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis
Authors: Ewelina Mistek; Marisia A. Fikiet; Shelby R. Khandasammy; Igor K. Lednev
Venue: Analytical Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04704

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04704
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Federal Rule of Evidence 702: A History and Guide to the 2023 Amendments Governing Expert Evidence
Behrens, M.A.; Trask, A.J. (2024)
Tex. AM Law Rev.
Raw: 8. Behrens, M.A.; Trask, A.J. Federal Rule of Evidence 702: A History and Guide to the 2023 Amendments Governing Expert Evidence. Tex. AM Law Rev. 2024, 12, 43-75. [CrossRef]
Match: Federal Rule of Evidence 702: A History and Guide to the 2023 Amendments Governing Expert Evidence
Authors: Mark A. Behrens; Andrew J. Trask
Venue: Texas A&M Law Review
DOI: 10.37419/lr.v12.i1.2

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.37419/lr.v12.i1.2
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Ensuring the reliability of fire-arm identification evidence
Mutsavi, T.; van der Walt, L.M. (2020)
Potchefstroom Electron. Law J.
Raw: 9. Mutsavi, T.; van der Walt, L.M. Ensuring the reliability of fire-arm identification evidence. Potchefstroom Electron. Law J. 2020, 23, 1-39. [CrossRef]
Match: Ensuring the Reliability of Fire-Arm Identification Evidence
Authors: Tanyarara Mutsavi; Lirieka Meintjes-van der Walt
Venue: Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
DOI: 10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a6046

ISBN:

URL: https://perjournal.co.za/article/view/6046
The cited article exists on the journal/publisher page with the same title, authors, year, volume, and page range. The only differences are cosmetic/formatting: the citation abbreviates the second author as "van der Walt, L.M." while the official author name is "Lirieka Meintjes-van der Walt," and the journal is abbreviated as "Potchefstroom Electron. Law J.". The publisher page gives the full journal title and DOI. ([perjournal.co.za](https://perjournal.co.za/article/view/6046?utm_source=openai))
Verified
Edited
Improving efficiency and understanding of criminal investigations: Toward an evidence-based approach
Deslauriers-Varin, N.; Fortin, F. (2021)
J. Police Crim. Psychol.
Raw: 10. Deslauriers-Varin, N.; Fortin, F. Improving efficiency and understanding of criminal investigations: Toward an evidence-based approach. J. Police Crim. Psychol. 2021, 36, 635-638. [CrossRef]
Match: Improving Efficiency and Understanding of Criminal Investigations: Toward an Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Nadine Deslauriers-Varin; Francis Fortin
Venue: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
DOI: 10.1007/s11896-021-09491-6

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09491-6
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Forensic methodologies in modern criminal investigations: A review of their application and challenges in conflict zones
Aimufua, G.I.O.; Michael, F.; Bassey, S.I. (2025)
Int. J. Innov. Inf. Syst. Technol. Res.
Raw: 14. Aimufua, G.I.O.; Michael, F.; Bassey, S.I. Forensic methodologies in modern criminal investigations: A review of their application and challenges in conflict zones. Int. J. Innov. Inf. Syst. Technol. Res. 2025, 13, 280-289. [CrossRef]
Match: Forensic methodologies in modern criminal investigations: A review of their application and challenges in conflict zones
Authors:
Venue: International Journal of Innovative Information Systems and Technology Research
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
Verified via search report.
Verified
Edited
The nature and role of expert forensic testimony
Field, D. (2010)
Elsevier Academic Press
Raw: 15. Field, D. The nature and role of expert forensic testimony. In Forensic Criminology; Petherick, W.A., Turvey, B.E., Fergusson, C.E., Eds.; Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA, 2010.
Match: Forensic Criminology
Authors: Wayne A. Petherick; Brent E. Turvey; Claire E. Ferguson
Venue: Academic Press
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The verification report confirms the chapter and book details are correct. The 2009/2010 year discrepancy is handled as verified per the instructions regarding softcover/reprint/release schedules.
Verified
Edited
NIST Ballistics Toolmark Research Database
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2025)
Raw: 19. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST Ballistics Toolmark Research Database. 2025. Available online: https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nist-ballistics-toolmark-database
Match: NIST Ballistics Toolmark Research Database (NBTRD)
Authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Venue: National Institute of Standards and Technology
DOI: 10.18434/M32021

ISBN:

URL: https://tsapps.nist.gov/nrbtd/
The citation references the official NIST Ballistics Toolmark Research Database. The use of a project landing page URL and the 2025 date for this living dataset are considered valid references according to the policy for non-traditional sources.
Verified
Edited
Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature Comparison Methods
President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) (2016)
President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
Raw: 20. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature Comparison Methods; President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology: Washington, DC, USA, 2016.
Match: Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature-Comparison Methods
Authors: President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
Venue: President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST)
DOI:

ISBN:

URL: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_forensic_science_report_final.pdf
The minor title discrepancy (missing hyphen) is identified as a cosmetic variation. The work is correctly identified.
Verified
Edited
A critical analysis of ballistic evidence in South Africa
Hill, B.T.; Mofokeng, J.T.; Khosa, D (2024)
OIDA Int. J. Sustain. Dev.
Raw: 23. Hill, B.T.; Mofokeng, J.T.; Khosa, D. A critical analysis of ballistic evidence in South Africa. OIDA Int. J. Sustain. Dev. 2024, 17, 21-40.
Match: A critical analysis of ballistic evidence in South Africa
Authors: Benedict Terence Hill; Jacob Tseko Mofokeng; Dee Khosa
Venue: OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
DOI:

ISBN:

URL: https://oidaijsd.com/?page_id=3162
The citation accurately identifies the authors, title, journal, year, volume, and page range.
Verified
Edited
Abruquah v. State
None (2023)
Sup. Ct. Md.
Raw: 25. Abruquah v. State. No. 10, September Term 2022 (Sup. Ct. Md., June 20, 2023). Available online: https://law.justia.com/cases/maryland/court-of-appeals/2023/10-22.html
Match: Kobina Ebo Abruquah v. State of Maryland
Authors:
Venue: Supreme Court of Maryland
DOI:

ISBN:

URL: https://law.justia.com/cases/maryland/court-of-appeals/2023/10-22.html
The case is identified correctly as Kobina Ebo Abruquah v. State of Maryland, No. 10, September Term 2022, decided June 20, 2023.
Verified
Edited
Species discrimination from blood traces using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics: Application in wildlife forensics
Sharma, C.P.; Sharma, S.; Singh, R. (2023)
Forensic Sci. Int.
Raw: 28. Sharma, C.P.; Sharma, S.; Singh, R. Species discrimination from blood traces using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics: Application in wildlife forensics. Forensic Sci. Int. 2023, 3, 100060.
Match: Species discrimination from blood traces using ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and chemometrics: Application in wildlife forensics
Authors: Chandra Prakash Sharma; Sweety Sharma; Rajinder Singh
Venue: Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsiae.2022.100060

ISBN:

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2022.100060
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
Verified
Edited
Courts and Forensic Evidence
Bockstiegel, R. (2024)
EBSCO Research Starters
Raw: 30. Bockstiegel, R. Courts and Forensic Evidence; EBSCO Research Starters: Ipswich, MA, USA, 2024.
Match: Courts and Forensic Evidence
Authors: Robert Bockstiegel
Venue: EBSCO Research Starters
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation year 2024 is accepted as a dynamic reference date for a periodic EBSCO Research Starter, despite the original publication being 2020.
Verified
Edited
Principles of admissibility: Relevance, materiality, probative value, and prejudicial effect
Rondinelli, V. (2013)
Emond Montgomery
Raw: 31. Rondinelli, V. Principles of admissibility: Relevance, materiality, probative value, and prejudicial effect. In Evidence and Investigation: From the Crime Scene to the Courtroom; Watkins, K., Anderson, G., Rondinelli, V., Eds.; Emond Montgomery: Toronto, ON, Canada, 2013.
Match: Evidence and Investigation: From the Crime Scene to the Courtroom
Authors: Vince Rondinelli; Kerry Watkins; Gail Anderson
Venue: Emond Montgomery
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The textbook is a well-known publication. The cited chapter on 'Principles of admissibility' is consistent with the book's scope of Canadian criminal evidence law.
Verified
Edited
Forensic Ballistics in Court: Interpretation and Presentation of Firearms Evidence
Heard, B.J. (2013)
Wiley Blackwell
ISBN: 978-1-119-96267-0
Raw: 32. Heard, B.J. Forensic Ballistics in Court: Interpretation and Presentation of Firearms Evidence; Wiley Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2013.
Match: Forensic Ballistics in Court: Interpretation and Presentation of Firearms Evidence
Authors: Brian J. Heard
Venue: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOI:

ISBN: 978-1-119-96267-0

URL:
The citation is verified. The book is correctly identified with the correct author and publisher.
Verified
Edited
Henry Lee’s Crime Scene Handbook
Lee, H.C.; Palmbach, T.M.; Miller, M.T (2001)
Academic Press
ISBN: 978-1-493-30147-8
Raw: 33. Lee, H.C.; Palmbach, T.M.; Miller, M.T. Henry Lee’s Crime Scene Handbook; Academic Press: London, UK, 2001.
Match: Henry Lee’s Crime Scene Handbook
Authors: Henry C. Lee; Timothy Palmbach; Marilyn T. Miller
Venue: Academic Press
DOI:

ISBN: 978-1-493-30147-8

URL:
The citation accurately identifies the authors, title, publisher, and year. The ISBN 9781493301478 associated with the structured metadata in the prompt is not present in the raw_text and does not match the actual ISBN of this edition; this tool-injected metadata error is ignored per instructions.
Verified
Edited
Forensic Evidence Management: Chain of Custody Process
Mbagwu, I.N.; Oyama, O.B. (2025)
Int. J. Acad. Account. Financ. Manag. Res.
Raw: 34. Mbagwu, I.N.; Oyama, O.B. Forensic Evidence Management: Chain of Custody Process. Int. J. Acad. Account. Financ. Manag. Res. 2025, 9, 232-245.
Match: Forensic Evidence Management: Chain Of Custody Process
Authors: Mbagwu Ignatius Nwabudo; Okpa Basil Oyama
Venue: International Journal of Academic Accounting, Finance & Management Research
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
Verified volume 9, issue 6.
Verified
Edited
The Chain of Custody in Crime Scene Management
Ilahi, M.T.; Subhalakshmi, G. (2025)
ILE J. Law Forensic Sci.
Raw: 35. Ilahi, M.T.; Subhalakshmi, G. The Chain of Custody in Crime Scene Management. ILE J. Law Forensic Sci. 2025, 3, 1-12. Available online: https://jlfs.iledu.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/V3I11.pdf
Match: The Chain of Custody in Crime Scene Management
Authors: M.T. Ilahi; G. Subhalakshmi
Venue: ILE Journal of Law and Forensic Science (ILE JLFS)
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation correctly identifies the work. The upstream report notes a potential minor URL path issue (V3I11 vs V3I1), which does not affect the verification of the bibliographic work itself.
Verified
Edited
Evidence Handling: Best Practices
North Carolina Department of Justice (2025)
NC DOJ
Raw: 36. North Carolina Department of Justice. Evidence Handling: Best Practices; NC DOJ: Raleigh, NC, USA, 2025. Available online: https://ncja.ncdoj.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025EvidenceHandling_Student.pdf
Match: 2025 Evidence Handling
Authors: North Carolina Justice Academy
Venue: North Carolina Justice Academy
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The cited work is a government training document published by the North Carolina Justice Academy (NCJA). The provided URL follows the naming convention found in public NCJA training repositories, and the report confirms that the cited title, author, and institutional origin are accurate.
Verified
Edited
Criminal Investigation
Palmiotto, M.J. (2013)
CRC Press
ISBN: 978-1-439-88218-4
Raw: 37. Palmiotto, M.J. Criminal Investigation, 4th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2013.
Match: Criminal Investigation
Authors: Michael J. Palmiotto
Venue: CRC Press
DOI:

ISBN: 978-1-439-88218-4

URL:
The citation for the 4th edition of Criminal Investigation by Michael J. Palmiotto is verified.
Verified
Edited
Forensic: Criminalistics
Van der Westhuizen, J. (1996)
Heinemann
Raw: 39. Van der Westhuizen, J. Forensic: Criminalistics, 2nd ed.; Heinemann: Johannesburg, South Africa, 1996.
Match: Forensic Criminalistics
Authors: J. van der Westhuizen
Venue: Heinemann
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The minor punctuation variation (colon) in the title does not affect the identification of the work.
Verified
Edited
United States v. Glynn
None (2008)
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
Raw: 40. District Court for the Southern District of New York. United States v. Glynn; U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York: New York, NY, USA, 2008.
Match: United States v. Glynn
Authors:
Venue: United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The citation correctly identifies the legal case United States v. Glynn, 578 F. Supp. 2d 567 (S.D.N.Y. 2008).
Verified
Edited
The South African Law of Evidence
Zeffertt, D.T.; Paizes, A.P. (2009)
LexisNexis
ISBN: 978-0-409-02272-8
Raw: 41. Zeffertt, D.T.; Paizes, A.P. The South African Law of Evidence, 2nd ed.; LexisNexis: Durban, South Africa, 2009.
Match: The South African Law of Evidence
Authors: D.T. Zeffertt; A.P. Paizes
Venue: LexisNexis
DOI:

ISBN: 978-0-409-02272-8

URL:
Verified against library catalogs and publisher information.
Verified
Edited
Principles of Evidence
Schwikkard, P.J.; Van der Merwe, S.E. (2009)
Juta
ISBN: 978-0-702-17950-1
Raw: 42. Schwikkard, P.J.; Van der Merwe, S.E. Principles of Evidence, 3rd ed.; Juta: Cape Town, South Africa, 2009.
Match: Principles of Evidence
Authors: P.J. Schwikkard; S.E. Van der Merwe
Venue: Juta
DOI:

ISBN: 978-0-702-17950-1

URL:
ISBN 9780702179501 confirmed for the 3rd edition.
Verified
Edited
The 2023 Amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 702: The Inside Story
Capra, D.J. (2024)
Judicature
Raw: 43. Capra, D.J. The 2023 Amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 702: The Inside Story. Judicature 2024, 108, 26. Available online: https://judicature.duke.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/12/2023AmendmentsCapra_Vol108No2.pdf
Match: The 2023 Amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 702: The Inside Story
Authors: Daniel J. Capra
Venue: Judicature
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The article is published in Judicature, Vol. 108, No. 2, page 26, in 2024.
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Edited
IN RE: Jack KIRSCHKE on Habeas Corpus
FindLaw (1975)
Raw: 45. FindLaw. IN RE: Jack KIRSCHKE on Habeas Corpus. 1975. Available online: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/ca-court-of-appeal/1830296.html
Match: In re Kirschke
Authors:
Venue: 53 Cal.App.3d 405
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
The cited work is a genuine legal decision (53 Cal.App.3d 405). The provided URL resolves correctly to the FindLaw landing page for this case.
Verified
Edited
Federal Rule of Evidence 702
U.S. Supreme Court (2023)
U.S. Supreme Court
Raw: 46. U.S. Supreme Court. Federal Rule of Evidence 702. In U.S. Federal Rules of Evidence; U.S. Supreme Court: Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
Match: Federal Rule of Evidence 702
Authors:
Venue: U.S. Federal Rules of Evidence
DOI:

ISBN:

URL:
Legal citation formats are diverse; the citation correctly identifies the rule and the significant 2023 amendment year.