You should manually review hallucinations; validation testing shows an approximately 1% false-positive rate. Not Found is intended for human review: the LLM was unable to determine whether the citation is correct.
| Status | Citation (Found) | Matched Data / Notes | Actions |
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Hallucination
Edited
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How are people using generative ai? A. Chatterji; E. Brynjolfsson; A. Korinek; K. McElheran; R. Seamans; N. Zolas (2025) National Bureau of Economic Research |
Raw: A. Chatterji, E. Brynjolfsson, A. Korinek, K. McElheran, R. Seamans, and N. Zolas. How are people using generative ai? Technical Report 34255, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025. URL https://www.nber.org/papers/w34255
Match: How People Use ChatGPT
Venue: National Bureau of Economic Research DOI: 10.3386/w34255 ISBN: URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w34255
The citation is an LLM chimera / hallucination. It pairs the real working paper number (NBER Working Paper 34255 / w34255) and first author Aaron Chatterji with a fabricated/altered title ('How are people using generative ai?' vs real 'How People Use ChatGPT') and an entirely fabricated co-author list (Brynjolfsson, Korinek, McElheran, Seamans, Zolas instead of Cunningham, Deming, Hitzig, Ong, Shan, Wadman).
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Hallucination
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Argrewrite 2.0: A corpus and model for argumentative text revision L. Chen; F. Zhang; D. Litman (2022) arXiv |
Raw: L. Chen, F. Zhang, and D. Litman. Argrewrite 2.0: A corpus and model for argumentative text revision. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.01677, 2022.
Match: ArgRewrite V.2: an Annotated Argumentative Revisions Corpus
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2206.01677 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.01677
The citation is an LLM chimera/hallucination: it takes the arXiv identifier arXiv:2206.01677 (which belongs to 'ArgRewrite V.2: an Annotated Argumentative Revisions Corpus' by Kashefi et al.) and conflates it with other frequent ArgRewrite co-authors (Fan Zhang, Diane Litman, Liang Chen) and an altered title ('Argrewrite 2.0: A corpus and model for argumentative text revision').
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Hallucination
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The lock-in hypothesis: Stagnation by algorithm B. Hutchinson; S. Saria; O. Etzioni (2025) arXiv |
Raw: B. Hutchinson, S. Saria, and O. Etzioni. The lock-in hypothesis: Stagnation by algorithm. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.06166, 2025.
Match: The Lock-in Hypothesis: Stagnation by Algorithm
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2506.06166 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06166
CrossRef arxiv_static matches title/DOI (score: 1.00), but cited author identities disagree with the official list. Unmatched cited author(s): B. Hutchinson, S. Saria, O. Etzioni. Official authors: Tianyi Alex Qiu, Zhonghao He, Tejasveer Chugh, Max Kleiman-Weiner.
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Hallucination
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Your brain on chatgpt: Accumulation of cognitive debt when using an ai assistant for essay writing tasks S. Kim; C. Li; D. Alvarez-Melis (2025) arXiv |
Raw: S. Kim, C. Li, and D. Alvarez-Melis. Your brain on chatgpt: Accumulation of cognitive debt when using an ai assistant for essay writing tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.08872, 2025.
Match: Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2506.08872 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08872
CrossRef arxiv_static matches title/DOI (score: 1.00), but cited author identities disagree with the official list. Unmatched cited author(s): S. Kim, C. Li, D. Alvarez-Melis. Official authors: Nataliya Kosmyna, Eugene Hauptmann, Ye Tong Yuan, Jessica Situ, Xian-Hao Liao, Ashly Vivian Beresnitzky, Iris Braunstein, Pattie Maes.
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Hallucination
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Generative ai enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content W. Wang; S. Ma; S. Yang; J. S. Lee; P. Jain; A. Anderson (2025) Science Advances |
Raw: W. Wang, S. Ma, S. Yang, J. S. Lee, P. Jain, A. Anderson, et al. Generative ai enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content. Science Advances, 11(32):eadn5290, 2025.
Match: Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content
Venue: Science Advances DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5290 ISBN: URL: https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290
The paper exists in Science Advances (Vol 10, Issue 28, 2024, article eadn5290, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5290), but the cited authors (W. Wang et al.) are completely fabricated. Under the anti-hallucination rules, pairing a real title/venue with fabricated co-authors is a hallucination / chimera.
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Hallucination
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The basic b*** effect: The use of llm-based agents reduces the distinctiveness and diversity of people’s choices R. Zhou; K. Fiedler (2025) arXiv |
Raw: R. Zhou and K. Fiedler. The basic b*** effect: The use of llm-based agents reduces the distinctiveness and diversity of people’s choices. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.02910, 2025.
Match: The Basic B*** Effect: The Use of LLM-based Agents Reduces the Distinctiveness and Diversity of People's Choices
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2509.02910 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02910
CrossRef arxiv_static matches title/DOI (score: 1.00), but cited author identities disagree with the official list. Unmatched cited author(s): R. Zhou, K. Fiedler. Official authors: Sandra C. Matz, Kimberly Klugescheid, C. Blaine Horton, Sofie Goethals.
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Minor Error
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Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Learning Representations None (2026) |
Raw: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Learning Representations, 2026. URL https://openreview.net/group?id=ICLR.cc/2024/Conference
The 14th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) took place in April 2026. However, the citation provides a URL pointing to the 2024 conference (ICLR.cc/2024/Conference, which was the 12th edition) rather than the 2026 conference proceedings URL, representing a minor URL discrepancy.
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Minor Error
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Labour mps accused of using AI to write parliamentary speeches R. James (2025) The Independent |
Raw: R. James. Labour mps accused of using AI to write parliamentary speeches. The Independent, Sep 2025. URL https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/labour-mp-ai-chat-gpt-speeches-tugendhat-b2823339.html
Match: Labour MPs accused of using ChatGPT to write speeches
Venue: The Independent DOI: ISBN: URL: https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/labour-mp-ai-chat-gpt-speeches-tugendhat-b2823339.html
The citation references a September 2025 article in The Independent by Rhiannon James at the provided URL. The headline in the citation ('Labour mps accused of using AI to write parliamentary speeches') has minor title wording differences compared to the published headline ('Labour MPs accused of using ChatGPT to write speeches'), representing a minor title discrepancy on the exact same news article.
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Minor Error
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Prompt engineering in large language models G. Marvin; N. Hellen; D. Jjingo; J. Nakatumba-Nabende (2023) Springer ISBN: 978-9-819-97962-2 |
Raw: G. Marvin, N. Hellen, D. Jjingo, and J. Nakatumba-Nabende. Prompt engineering in large language models. In International conference on data intelligence and cognitive informatics, pages 387-402. Springer, 2023.
Match: Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models
Venue: International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI 2023) / Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics, Springer DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7962-2_30 ISBN: 978-9-819-97962-2 URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7962-2_30
The paper exists in the proceedings of the International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI 2023), published in the Springer volume 'Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics' (part of the Algorithms for Intelligent Systems book series), pp. 387-402, DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7962-2_30. The publication year of the book volume is 2024 (conference was 2023) and the first two authors have their given/surnames inverted in the citation.
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Ai suggestions homogenize writing toward western styles and diminish cultural nuances D. Agarwal; M. Naaman; A. Vashistha (2025) ACM DOI: 10.1145/3706598.3713564 |
Raw: D. Agarwal, M. Naaman, and A. Vashistha. Ai suggestions homogenize writing toward western styles and diminish cultural nuances. In Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’25, page 1-21. ACM, Apr. 2025. doi: 10.1145/3706598.3713564. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713564
Match: AI Suggestions Homogenize Writing Toward Western Styles and Diminish Cultural Nuances
Venue: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems DOI: 10.1145/3706598.3713564 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713564
Verified via static CrossRef DOI lookup (score: 1.00)
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OpenAI CEO Reports ChatGPT Weekly User Figures at TED S. Altman (2025) |
Raw: S. Altman. OpenAI CEO Reports ChatGPT Weekly User Figures at TED. TED Talk / public statement, 2025. Altman stated roughly 10% of the global population uses ChatGPT, equating to 800M-1B weekly users.
The citation references Sam Altman's public interview/talk at TED 2025 where he stated that ChatGPT's user base had surged to approximately 800 million weekly active users (roughly 10% of the world population).
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Homogenization effects of large language models on human creative ideation B. R. Anderson; J. H. Shah; M. Kreminski (2024) ACM DOI: 10.1145/3635636.3656204 |
Raw: B. R. Anderson, J. H. Shah, and M. Kreminski. Homogenization effects of large language models on human creative ideation. In Creativity and Cognition, CC ’24, page 413-425. ACM, June 2024. doi: 10.1145/3635636.3656204. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3635636.3656204
Match: Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation
Venue: Creativity and Cognition DOI: 10.1145/3635636.3656204 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3635636.3656204
Verified via static CrossRef DOI lookup (score: 1.00)
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The influence of large language models on conversational marketing and communication strategies P. Borole (2024) Voice of the Publisher |
Raw: P. Borole. The influence of large language models on conversational marketing and communication strategies. Voice of the Publisher, 10(2):91-99, 2024.
Match: The Influence of Large Language Models on Conversational Marketing and Communication Strategies
Venue: Voice of the Publisher DOI: 10.4236/vp.2024.102008 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.4236/vp.2024.102008
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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The development and psychometric properties of liwc-22 R. L. Boyd; A. Ashokkumar; S. Seraj; J. W. Pennebaker (2022) University of Texas at Austin |
Raw: R. L. Boyd, A. Ashokkumar, S. Seraj, and J. W. Pennebaker. The development and psychometric properties of liwc-22. Technical report, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2022. URL https://www.liwc.app
Match: The development and psychometric properties of LIWC-22
Venue: University of Texas at Austin DOI: ISBN: URL: https://www.liwc.app/help/psychometrics-manuals
The cited work is the official technical report/manual for LIWC-22 published by the University of Texas at Austin in 2022 and available via https://www.liwc.app.
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Ai alignment with changing and influenceable reward functions M. Carroll; D. Foote; A. Siththaranjan; S. Russell; A. Dragan (2024) arXiv |
Raw: M. Carroll, D. Foote, A. Siththaranjan, S. Russell, and A. Dragan. Ai alignment with changing and influenceable reward functions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.17713, 2024.
Match: AI Alignment with Changing and Influenceable Reward Functions
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2405.17713 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17713
Verified via arXiv id 2405.17713.
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Preference dynamics under personalized recommendations S. Dean; J. Morgenstern (2022) |
Raw: S. Dean and J. Morgenstern. Preference dynamics under personalized recommendations. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, pages 795-816, 2022.
Match: Preference Dynamics Under Personalized Recommendations
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Economics and Computation DOI: 10.1145/3490486.3538346 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3490486.3538346
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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Eigenwords: spectral word embeddings P. S. Dhillon; D. P. Foster; L. H. Ungar (2015) J. Mach. Learn. Res. |
Raw: P. S. Dhillon, D. P. Foster, and L. H. Ungar. Eigenwords: spectral word embeddings. J. Mach. Learn. Res., 16:3035-3078, 2015.
Match: Eigenwords: Spectral Word Embeddings
Venue: Journal of Machine Learning Research DOI: ISBN: URL: https://jmlr.org/papers/v16/dhillon15a.html
The article was published in the Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR), Volume 16, Issue 95, pages 3035-3078 in 2015.
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Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel content A. R. Doshi; O. P. Hauser (2023) arXiv |
Raw: A. R. Doshi and O. P. Hauser. Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel content. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00506, 2023.
Match: Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel content
Venue: DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4535536 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4535536
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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Generative ai enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content A. R. Doshi; O. P. Hauser (2024) Science Advances DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5290 |
Raw: A. R. Doshi and O. P. Hauser. Generative ai enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content. Science Advances, 10(28):eadn5290, 2024. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5290
Match: Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content
Venue: Science Advances DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5290 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290
Verified via static CrossRef DOI lookup (score: 1.00)
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The Copyeditor’s Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications A. Einsohn; M. Schwartz (2019) University of California Press |
Raw: A. Einsohn and M. Schwartz. The Copyeditor’s Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 4th edition, 2019. See pp. 405-406, “Expository Style,” on the importance of minimal editing.
Match: The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications
Venue: DOI: 10.1525/9780520972278 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520972278
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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Pangram predicts 21% of iclr reviews are ai-generated B. Emi (2025) Pangram Labs Blog |
Raw: B. Emi. Pangram predicts 21% of iclr reviews are ai-generated. Pangram Labs Blog, Nov 2025. URL https://www.pangram.com/blog/pangram-predicts-21-of-iclr-reviews-are-ai-generated
Match: Pangram Predicts 21% of ICLR Reviews are AI-Generated
Venue: Pangram Labs Blog DOI: ISBN: URL: https://www.pangram.com/blog/pangram-predicts-21-of-iclr-reviews-are-ai-generated
Direct verification from the Pangram Labs website confirmed that Bradley Emi published 'Pangram Predicts 21% of ICLR Reviews are AI-Generated' on November 18, 2025 at the exact cited URL.
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Technical report on the pangram ai-generated text classifier B. Emi; M. Spero (2024) arXiv |
Raw: B. Emi and M. Spero. Technical report on the pangram ai-generated text classifier, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14873
Match: Technical Report on the Pangram AI-Generated Text Classifier
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2402.14873 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14873
Verified via arXiv id 2402.14873.
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A survey on llm-as-a-judge J. Gu; X. Jiang; Z. Shi; H. Tan; X. Zhai; C. Xu; W. Li; Y. Shen; S. Ma; H. Liu; et al. (2024) The Innovation |
Raw: J. Gu, X. Jiang, Z. Shi, H. Tan, X. Zhai, C. Xu, W. Li, Y. Shen, S. Ma, H. Liu, et al. A survey on llm-as-a-judge. The Innovation, 2024.
Match: A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge
Venue: arXiv / The Innovation DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2411.15594 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15594
The paper 'A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge' by Jiawei Gu et al. was published in November 2024 (arXiv:2411.15594) and published in The Innovation series.
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Benchmarking linguistic diversity of large language models Y. Guo; G. Shang; C. Clavel (2025) Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics |
Raw: Y. Guo, G. Shang, and C. Clavel. Benchmarking linguistic diversity of large language models. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 13:1507-1526, 2025.
Match: Benchmarking Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Models
Venue: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics DOI: 10.1162/tacl.a.47 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl.a.47
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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Ai expands scientists’ impact but contracts science’s focus Q. Hao; F. Xu; Y. Li; J. Evans (2024) arXiv |
Raw: Q. Hao, F. Xu, Y. Li, and J. Evans. Ai expands scientists’ impact but contracts science’s focus. arXiv e-prints, pages arXiv-2412, 2024.
Match: AI Expands Scientists' Impact but Contracts Science's Focus
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2412.07727 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.07727
The preprint exists on arXiv with identifier arXiv:2412.07727 (submitted December 2024) by Qianyue Hao, Fengli Xu, Yong Li, and James Evans.
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The secret of our success: How culture is driving human evolution, domesticating our species, and making us smarter J. Henrich (2015) princeton University press |
Raw: J. Henrich. The secret of our success: How culture is driving human evolution, domesticating our species, and making us smarter. In The secret of our success. princeton University press, 2015.
Match: The Secret of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter
Venue: DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvc77f0d ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77f0d
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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Artificial intelligence in communication impacts language and social relationships J. Hohenstein; D. DiFranzo; R. F. Kizilcec; Z. Aghajari; H. Mieczkowski; K. Levy; M. Naaman; J. Hancock; M. F. Jung (2021) arXiv |
Raw: J. Hohenstein, D. DiFranzo, R. F. Kizilcec, Z. Aghajari, H. Mieczkowski, K. Levy, M. Naaman, J. Hancock, and M. F. Jung. Artificial intelligence in communication impacts language and social relationships. arXiv, 2021. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05756.
Match: Artificial intelligence in communication impacts language and social relationships
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2102.05756 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05756
Verified via arXiv id 2102.05756.
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Way off-policy batch deep reinforcement learning of implicit human preferences in dialog N. Jaques; A. Ghandeharioun; J. H. Shen; C. Ferguson; A. Lapedriza; N. Jones; S. Gu; R. Picard (2019) arXiv |
Raw: N. Jaques, A. Ghandeharioun, J. H. Shen, C. Ferguson, A. Lapedriza, N. Jones, S. Gu, and R. Picard. Way off-policy batch deep reinforcement learning of implicit human preferences in dialog. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.00456, 2019.
Match: Way Off-Policy Batch Deep Reinforcement Learning of Implicit Human Preferences in Dialog
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1907.00456 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.00456
Verified via arXiv id 1907.00456.
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Artificial hivemind: The open-ended homogeneity of language models (and beyond) L. Jiang; Y. Chai; M. Li; M. Liu; R. Fok; N. Dziri; Y. Tsvetkov; M. Sap; A. Albalak; Y. Choi (2025) Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) |
Raw: L. Jiang, Y. Chai, M. Li, M. Liu, R. Fok, N. Dziri, Y. Tsvetkov, M. Sap, A. Albalak, and Y. Choi. Artificial hivemind: The open-ended homogeneity of language models (and beyond). Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2025a.
The paper exists as a 2025 preprint (arXiv:2510.22954) by the exact specified authors and title. While the citation lists NeurIPS 2025, preprints and conference publications for the same work are treated as the same work under preprint/venue leniency rules.
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Argrewrite v.2: an annotated argumentative revisions corpus O. Kashefi; T. Afrin; M. Dale; C. Olshefski; A. Godley; D. Litman; R. Hwa (2022) Language Resources and Evaluation DOI: 10.1007/s10579-021-09567-z |
Raw: O. Kashefi, T. Afrin, M. Dale, C. Olshefski, A. Godley, D. Litman, and R. Hwa. Argrewrite v.2: an annotated argumentative revisions corpus. Language Resources and Evaluation, 56(3):881-915, Jan. 2022. ISSN 1574-0218. doi: 10.1007/s10579-021-09567-z
Match: ArgRewrite V.2: an annotated argumentative revisions corpus
Venue: Language Resources and Evaluation DOI: 10.1007/s10579-021-09567-z ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-021-09567-z
Verified via static CrossRef DOI lookup (score: 1.00)
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Digital 2026: More than 1 Billion People Use AI S. Kemp (2025) |
Raw: S. Kemp. Digital 2026: More than 1 Billion People Use AI. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-one-billion-people-using-ai
Match: Digital 2026: more than 1 billion people use AI
Venue: DataReportal DOI: ISBN: URL: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-one-billion-people-using-ai
The web report exists at the exact cited URL (https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-one-billion-people-using-ai) published by Simon Kemp / DataReportal in October 2025 as part of the Digital 2026 series.
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Algorithmic extremism: Examining youtube’s rabbit hole of radicalization M. Ledwich; A. Zaitsev (2019) arXiv |
Raw: M. Ledwich and A. Zaitsev. Algorithmic extremism: Examining youtube’s rabbit hole of radicalization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.11211, 2019.
Match: Algorithmic extremism: Examining YouTube's rabbit hole of radicalization
Venue: First Monday DOI: 10.5210/fm.v25i3.10419 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i3.10419
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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Mapping the increasing use of llms in scientific papers W. Liang; Y. Zhang; Z. Wu; H. Lepp; W. Ji; X. Zhao; H. Cao; S. Liu; S. He; Z. Huang; et al. (2024) arXiv |
Raw: W. Liang, Y. Zhang, Z. Wu, H. Lepp, W. Ji, X. Zhao, H. Cao, S. Liu, S. He, Z. Huang, et al. Mapping the increasing use of llms in scientific papers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.01268, 2024.
Match: Mapping the Increasing Use of LLMs in Scientific Papers
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2404.01268 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.01268
Verified via arXiv id 2404.01268.
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Quantifying large language model usage in scientific papers W. Liang; Y. Zhang; Z. Wu; H. Lepp; W. Ji; X. Zhao; H. Cao; S. Liu; S. He; Z. Huang; D. Yang; C. Potts; C. D. Manning; J. Y. Zou (2025) Nature Human Behaviour |
Raw: W. Liang, Y. Zhang, Z. Wu, H. Lepp, W. Ji, X. Zhao, H. Cao, S. Liu, S. He, Z. Huang, D. Yang, C. Potts, C. D. Manning, and J. Y. Zou. Quantifying large language model usage in scientific papers. Nature Human Behaviour, 9:2599 - 2609, 2025. URL https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:280523748.
Match: Quantifying large language model usage in scientific papers
Venue: Nature Human Behaviour DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02273-8 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02273-8
Verified via static CrossRef title search (score: 1.00)
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A technique for the measurement of attitudes R. Likert (1932) Archives of Psychology |
Raw: R. Likert. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140):1-55, 1932.
Classic foundational monograph introducing the Likert scale: Rensis Likert (1932), 'A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes', Archives of Psychology, Vol. 22, No. 140, pp. 1-55.
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Chatgpt decreases idea diversity in brainstorming L. Meincke; G. Nave; C. Terwiesch (2025) Nature human behaviour |
Raw: L. Meincke, G. Nave, and C. Terwiesch. Chatgpt decreases idea diversity in brainstorming. Nature human behaviour, pages 1-3, 2025.
Match: ChatGPT decreases idea diversity in brainstorming
Venue: Nature Human Behaviour DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02173-x ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02173-x
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The jensen-shannon divergence M. L. Menéndez; J. A. Pardo; L. Pardo; M. del Carmen Pardo (1997) Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics |
Raw: M. L. Menéndez, J. A. Pardo, L. Pardo, and M. del Carmen Pardo. The jensen-shannon divergence. Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics, 334:307-318, 1997. URL https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120842983.
Match: The Jensen-Shannon divergence
Venue: Journal of the Franklin Institute DOI: 10.1016/s0016-0032(96)00063-4 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(96)00063-4
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Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space T. Mikolov; K. Chen; G. Corrado; J. Dean (2013) arXiv |
Raw: T. Mikolov, K. Chen, G. Corrado, and J. Dean. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781, 2013.
Match: Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1301.3781 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3781
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Crowdsourcing a word-emotion association lexicon S. M. Mohammad; P. D. Turney (2013) Computational Intelligence |
Raw: S. M. Mohammad and P. D. Turney. Crowdsourcing a word-emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence, 29(3):436-465, 2013.
Match: CROWDSOURCING A WORD–EMOTION ASSOCIATION LEXICON
Venue: Computational Intelligence DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x
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One fish, two fish, but not the whole sea: Alignment reduces language models’ conceptual diversity S. K. Murthy; T. Ullman; J. Hu (2025) Association for Computational Linguistics DOI: 10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.561 |
Raw: S. K. Murthy, T. Ullman, and J. Hu. One fish, two fish, but not the whole sea: Alignment reduces language models’ conceptual diversity. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), page 11241-11258. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. doi: 10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.561
Match: One fish, two fish, but not the whole sea: Alignment reduces language models’ conceptual diversity
Venue: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) DOI: 10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.561 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.561
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AI and the PhD student: friend or foe? L. Nordling (2026) Nature DOI: 10.1038/ d41586-026-00843-y |
Raw: L. Nordling. AI and the PhD student: friend or foe? Nature, 651:842-844, Mar. 2026. doi: 10.1038/ d41586-026-00843-y
Match: AI and the PhD student: friend or foe?
Venue: Nature DOI: 10.1038/d41586-026-00843-y ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-00843-y
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Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence S. Noy; W. Zhang (2023) Science DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2586 |
Raw: S. Noy and W. Zhang. Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence. Science, 381(6654):187-192, 2023. doi: 10.1126/science.adh2586
Match: Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence
Venue: Science DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2586 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh2586
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Chatgpt: Optimizing language models for dialogue OpenAI (2022) OpenAI Blog |
Raw: OpenAI. Chatgpt: Optimizing language models for dialogue. OpenAI Blog, 2022. URL https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt
Verified. This is the landmark November 30, 2022 OpenAI announcement blog post introducing ChatGPT, titled 'ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue' (originally published at https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt, currently mirrored/redirected under openai.com/index/chatgpt/).
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback L. Ouyang; J. Wu; X. Jiang; D. Almeida; C. L. Wainwright; P. Mishkin; C. Zhang; S. Agarwal; K. Slama; A. Ray; J. Schulman; J. Hilton; F. Kelton; L. Miller; M. Simens; A. Askell; P. Welinder; P. Christiano; J. Leike; R. Lowe (2022) arXiv |
Raw: L. Ouyang, J. Wu, X. Jiang, D. Almeida, C. L. Wainwright, P. Mishkin, C. Zhang, S. Agarwal, K. Slama, A. Ray, J. Schulman, J. Hilton, F. Kelton, L. Miller, M. Simens, A. Askell, P. Welinder, P. Christiano, J. Leike, and R. Lowe. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback, 2022. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155
Match: Training Language Models to Follow Instructions with Human Feedback
Venue: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 DOI: 10.52202/068431-2011 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.52202/068431-2011
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Young people’s use of generative ai to support literacy in 2025 I. Picton; C. Clark; F. Bonafede (2025) |
Raw: I. Picton, C. Clark, and F. Bonafede. Young people’s use of generative ai to support literacy in 2025, 2025. URL https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED675268.pdf
Match: Young People's Use of Generative AI to Support Literacy in 2025
Venue: National Literacy Trust / ERIC DOI: ISBN: URL: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED675268
The cited report exists in ERIC under accession number ED675268 (files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED675268.pdf) published by the National Literacy Trust in 2025.
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Personalizing reinforcement learning from human feedback with variational preference learning S. Poddar; Y. Wan; H. Ivison; A. Gupta; N. Jaques (2024) Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) - Spotlight |
Raw: S. Poddar, Y. Wan, H. Ivison, A. Gupta, and N. Jaques. Personalizing reinforcement learning from human feedback with variational preference learning. Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) - Spotlight, 2024.
Match: Personalizing Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with Variational Preference Learning
Venue: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 DOI: 10.52202/079017-1664 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.52202/079017-1664
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Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks N. Reimers; I. Gurevych (2019) Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |
Raw: N. Reimers and I. Gurevych. Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2019a.
Match: Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) DOI: 10.18653/v1/d19-1410 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1410
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Auditing radicalization pathways on youtube M. H. Ribeiro; R. Ottoni; R. West; V. A. Almeida; W. Meira Jr. (2020) Proceedings of the 2020 conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency |
Raw: M. H. Ribeiro, R. Ottoni, R. West, V. A. Almeida, and W. Meira Jr. Auditing radicalization pathways on youtube. In Proceedings of the 2020 conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, pages 131-141, 2020.
Match: Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube
Venue: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT* '20) DOI: 10.1145/3351095.3372879 ISBN: URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3351095.3372879
The paper exists exactly as cited in the ACM Digital Library at DOI: 10.1145/3351095.3372879, published in Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT* '20), pages 131–141.
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Human decision-making is susceptible to ai-driven manipulation S. Sabour; J. M. Liu; S. Liu; C. Z. Yao; S. Cui; X. Zhang; W. Zhang; Y. Cao; A. Bhat; J. Guan; W. Wu; R. Mihalcea; H. Wang; T. Althoff; T. M. C. Lee; M. Huang (2025) arXiv |
Raw: S. Sabour, J. M. Liu, S. Liu, C. Z. Yao, S. Cui, X. Zhang, W. Zhang, Y. Cao, A. Bhat, J. Guan, W. Wu, R. Mihalcea, H. Wang, T. Althoff, T. M. C. Lee, and M. Huang. Human decision-making is susceptible to ai-driven manipulation, 2025. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07663.
Match: Human Decision-making is Susceptible to AI-driven Manipulation
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2502.07663 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07663
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The impact of generative ai on academic reading and writing: A synthesis of recent evidence (2023-2025) A. Sanz-Tejeda; J. C. Domínguez-Oller; J. M. Baldaquí-Escandell; R. Gómez-Díaz; A. GarcíaRodríguez (2026) Frontiers in Education |
Raw: A. Sanz-Tejeda, J. C. Domínguez-Oller, J. M. Baldaquí-Escandell, R. Gómez-Díaz, and A. GarcíaRodríguez. The impact of generative ai on academic reading and writing: A synthesis of recent evidence (2023-2025). Frontiers in Education, 10, 2026. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1711718. URL https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1711718.
Match: The impact of generative AI on academic reading and writing: a synthesis of recent evidence (2023–2025)
Venue: Frontiers in Education DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1711718 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1711718
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Ai found to boost individual creativity - at the expense of less varied content ScienceDaily (2024) |
Raw: ScienceDaily. Ai found to boost individual creativity - at the expense of less varied content, 2024. URL https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/07/240712222127.htm
Match: AI found to boost individual creativity -- at the expense of less varied content
Venue: ScienceDaily DOI: ISBN: URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/07/240712222127.htm
Direct confirmation from ScienceDaily release page. The URL and title match the published 2024 news article exactly.
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Distributional preference learning: Understanding and accounting for hidden context in rlhf A. Siththaranjan; C. Laidlaw; D. Hadfield-Menell (2023) arXiv |
Raw: A. Siththaranjan, C. Laidlaw, and D. Hadfield-Menell. Distributional preference learning: Understanding and accounting for hidden context in rlhf. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.08358, 2023.
Match: Distributional Preference Learning: Understanding and Accounting for Hidden Context in RLHF
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2312.08358 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08358
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A roadmap to pluralistic alignment T. Sorensen; J. Moore; J. Fisher; M. Gordon; N. Mireshghallah; C. M. Rytting; A. Ye; L. Jiang; X. Lu; N. Dziri (2024) arXiv |
Raw: T. Sorensen, J. Moore, J. Fisher, M. Gordon, N. Mireshghallah, C. M. Rytting, A. Ye, L. Jiang, X. Lu, N. Dziri, et al. A roadmap to pluralistic alignment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.05070, 2024.
Match: A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2402.05070 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.05070
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The homogenizing effect of large language models on human expression and thought Z. Sourati; A. S. Ziabari; M. Dehghani (2026) arXiv |
Raw: Z. Sourati, A. S. Ziabari, and M. Dehghani. The homogenizing effect of large language models on human expression and thought, 2026. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01491.
Match: The homogenizing effect of large language models on human expression and thought
Venue: Trends in Cognitive Sciences DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2026.01.003 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2026.01.003
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The psychological meaning of words: Liwc and computerized text analysis methods Y. R. Tausczik; J. W. Pennebaker (2010) Journal of Language and Social Psychology |
Raw: Y. R. Tausczik and J. W. Pennebaker. The psychological meaning of words: Liwc and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1):24-54, 2010. doi: 10.1177/0261927X09351676. URL https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676.
Match: The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods
Venue: Journal of Language and Social Psychology DOI: 10.1177/0261927x09351676 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x09351676
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Approaching the integration of large language models in the parliamentary workspace J. von Lucke Frontiers in Political Science |
Raw: J. von Lucke. Approaching the integration of large language models in the parliamentary workspace. Frontiers in Political Science, 7:1625394.
Match: Approaching the integration of large language models in the parliamentary workspace
Venue: Frontiers in Political Science DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2025.1625394 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1625394
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The effect of chatgpt on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis J. Wang; W. Fan (2025) Humanities and Social Sciences Communications |
Raw: J. Wang and W. Fan. The effect of chatgpt on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 05 2025. doi: 10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y.
Match: RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis
Venue: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y
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Who wrote this? how smart replies impact language and agency in the workplace K. Wenker (2023) Telematics and Informatics Reports |
Raw: K. Wenker. Who wrote this? how smart replies impact language and agency in the workplace. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 10:100062, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.teler.2023.100062. URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2023.100062.
Match: Who wrote this? How smart replies impact language and agency in the workplace
Venue: Telematics and Informatics Reports DOI: 10.1016/j.teler.2023.100062 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2023.100062
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Echoes in ai: Quantifying lack of plot diversity in llm outputs W. Xu; N. Jojic; S. Rao; C. Brockett; B. Dolan (2025) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Raw: W. Xu, N. Jojic, S. Rao, C. Brockett, and B. Dolan. Echoes in ai: Quantifying lack of plot diversity in llm outputs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(35):e2504966122, 2025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2504966122. URL https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2504966122.
Match: Echoes in AI: Quantifying lack of plot diversity in LLM outputs
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2504966122 ISBN: URL: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2504966122
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Empirical evidence of large language model’s influence on human spoken communication H. Yakura; E. Lopez-Lopez; L. Brinkmann; I. Serna; P. Gupta; I. Soraperra; I. Rahwan (2024) arXiv |
Raw: H. Yakura, E. Lopez-Lopez, L. Brinkmann, I. Serna, P. Gupta, I. Soraperra, and I. Rahwan. Empirical evidence of large language model’s influence on human spoken communication. arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.01754, 2024.
Match: Empirical evidence of Large Language Model's influence on human spoken communication
Venue: arXiv DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2409.01754 ISBN: URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01754
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